Key People and Events

List of key people and events in this time period:

- Many nation-states modernized, including Brazil, Russia, Italy, and Germany
        - Emperor Pedro II tried to centralize the government and ended slavery altogether in Brazil.
        - General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna:  a caudillo (men at the head of an unofficial band of
          warriors who controlled the countryside by force) that acted as a temporary dictator. His 'reign'
          became known as the "Age of Santa Anna" in Mexico. During the Mexican-American War, he
          acted as a "Defender of the Homeland".
        - Mexican-American War
        - Crimean War: war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire; France and Great Britain fought
          against Russia in order to defend the Ottoman's sovereignty
        - Serfs in Russia emancipated
        - Great Reforms in Russia
    - Tsar Nicholas I: ruled during Crimean War
        -Tsar Alexander II: ruled during Great Reform and emancipation of the serfs
        - Camillo di Cavour: prime minster of the kingdom on Piedmont Sardinia in Italy; head of the
          rebirth of the Italian state
        - Italy became unified by a sense of nationalism
        - Otto Von Bismarck: Prussian minister and president
        - Germany formed by Prussia

- The United States and Japan emerged in power
        - Westward Expansion of the U.S.
        - Mexican-American War
        - Civil War in U.S.
        - Manifest Destiny in U.S.
        - Trail of Tears in United States
        - Meiji Rebellion in Japan